Struggle+in+Foreign+Policy

Struggle in Foreign Policy - Section 2:How did foreign policy changes affect political debate and shape American government?

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=Native Americans and The U.S. Government= //Mike Oakley & Joey Piscottano//

From the Treaty of Paris the United States had gained a lot of territory west of the Appalachians. The British wanted to limit American settlement in the Northwest Territory, so the provided the Miami Indians with weapons and ammunition. In 1790, led by Little Turtle, Native Americans defeated a small force sent by President Washington. The force was sent to prevent and stop Natives from attacking settlers. In 1791, in the Ohio River Valley, British guns helped Indian Nations defeat a larger American force. Although in 1794, the tables turned when federal troops, led by General Anthony Wayne defeated the Native American confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This was named for the fallen trees that covered the battle site. This victory then forced Native Americans to accept his terms. In The Treaty of Greenville, Native American leaders ceded most of Ohio to the US. This then led to settlement in the Northwest Territory.

__**Battle of Fallen Timbers/General Wayne**__
"Wayne devoted months to the thorough training of his soldiers. This careful preparation was noted by Little Turtle, who recommended to his confederates that a peace agreement be sought."

__Little Turtle__
"While Little Turtle's influence was at its apogee, the triumph was overshadowed by General James Wilkinson's unexpected 1791 expedition, which not only destroyed Little Turtle's village on the Eel River but also captured his daughter. When he signed the treaty of Greenville, ending the war, he reputedly said that he was one of the last to sign and that he would be the last to break the treaty."

__**Sources**__ http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/941.jpg http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/151.jpg

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=473 http://www.ohiojudicialcenter.gov/little_turtle.asp http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1015.html

=__Foreign Policy__= Americans wanted to return the favor to the French, and help them in their revolution. However, not everyone wanted America to get involved because some argued that America was too weak to get involved in the war. This divided the country into two parties, the **Federalists** and the **Democratic Republicans**. Federalists were against helping the French in their revolution because they thought that the new French government was abolish religious freedom and social order. They believed that the French revolutioners were "bloody anarchists"(Prentice Hall United States History, 199.) The Democratic Republicans regretd the executions that happened, but they still preferred the French Republic to the monarchy.

__John Adams__
John Adams was born in Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1735. He was a Harvard Law school graduate, and early on became involved with the patriots. Adams was a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congress, and led in the movement to independence. He served two terms as Vice President, before her became President in 1769. Adams had his administration focus on France and ignored others who opposed. When Adam's administration send a peace mission to France, the **Jay treaty of 1794**. The French officials, however, made ridiculous demands such as $250,000. Adams did not give into these demands. This affair became known as the **XYZ affair**. This insult roused the public sentiment against France. Finally, in 1798, the Federalists won victories over French warships. To pay for the expanded military, congress placed unfavorable taxes on stamps and land. During the war, the Federalists exploited the war which led to the **Alien and Sedition Acts.** Put in place in 1798, the Alien Act authorized the president to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal government. The Sedition Act made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government. However, in two Democratic Republican states, the state legislatures passed controversial resolves in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. Drafted by Jefferson and Madison in 1798 and 1799, the **Virginia and Kentucky resolutions** declared that the Sedition Act was unconstitutional. It hinted that the states had the power to nullify federal laws that were unconstitutional. In the election of 1800, Jefferson with his running mate Aaron Burr came into office. Although Burr was Jefferson's running mate, they both tied in votes when Burr was intended to be the Vice President and Jefferson the President. To avoid another crisis like this, in 1804 the Constitution was amended to require electors to vote separately for President and Vice President.

Sources: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnadams/ http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/declaration/bio1.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A10083935 http://samuelatgilgal.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/john-adams.jpg http://www.livingstonbuzz.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/pillar10-history-french-revolution-delacroix1.jpg